LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



020 773 309 fi i 



Hollinger 

pH 8.5 

MUl Run F03.2193 



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lersity ol the State oi New York Bnlletin 

ntered as second-class matter August 2, 1913. at the Post OflSce at Albany, N. Y., 
under the act of August 24, 1912 

Published fortnightly 

No. 699 ALBANY, N. Y. December i, 1919 



IMMIGRANT EDUCATION 

This bulletin aims to set forth briefly the pro-am and policy of 
the Education Department relative to immigrant education. It 
proposes to present to Americanization workers certain ideas and 
ideals fundamental to their work, and to indicate a definite, com- 
prehensive program, which shall centralize all existing Americaniza- 
tion agencies and enlist their cooperation. The statistics concerning 
the number of non-English-speaking and illiterate persons in the 
State show the need of such a program. 

Although the training of teachers for instructing immigrants in 
the English language and in the principles of citizenship has been 
the chief aim of the Department in dealing with the problem up to 
this time, it now proposes to extend its work by promoting the 
education of all illiterates, native as well as foreign-born, so that 
all may be united by the bonds of a common language, common 
standards, and common ideals. Its first duty is to help the native- 
born to a living realization of all that Americanism means, and its 
second duty is to help the foreign-born gain the vision and live it. 

To show the widespread and enthusiastic approval of immigrant 
education by the people of the State and to indicate the scope of its 
program, the Department presents in this bulletin recent legislation 
concerning immigrant education in New York State. 

A reading list, which includes sources, references, methods and 
texts, is also included as a guide for further study and investigation. 

William C. Smith 

Supervisor of Immigrant Education, 
New York State Department of 
Education 

Clara B. Springsteed 
Assistant 



G94r—Ja20— 3000(7-5094) 



THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 

Regents of the University 
With years when terms expire 

(Revised to January i, 1920) 

1926 Pliny T. Sexton LL.B. LL.D. Chancellor - Palmyra 

1927 Albert Vander Veer M.D. M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. 

Vice Chancellor --------- Albany 

1922 Chester S. Lord M.A. LL.D. ----- Brooklyn 

1930 William Nottingham M.A. Ph.D. LL.D. - - Syracuse 

1924 Adelbert Moot LL.D. ------- Buffalo 

1925 Charles B. Alexander M.A. LL.B. LL.D. 

Litt.D. -----_---_- Tuxedo 

1928 Walter Guest Kellogg B.A. LL.D. - - Ogdensburg 
1920 James Byrne B.A. LL.B. LL.D. - - - - New York 

1929 Herbert L. Bridgman M.A. ----- Brooklyn 

193 1 Thomas J. Mangan M.A. ------ Binghamton 

President of the University and Commissioner of Education 

John H. Finley M.A. LL.D. L.H.D. 

Dejmty Commissioner and Counsel 

Frank B. Gilbert B.A. 

Assistant Commissioner and Director of Professional Education 

Augustus S. Downing M.A. L.H.D. LL.D. Pd.D. 

Assistant Commissioner for Secondary Education 

Charles F. Wheelock B.S. LL.D. 

Acting Assistant Commissioner for Elementary Education 

George M. Wiley M.A. 

Director of State Library 

James I. Wyer, Jr, M.L.S. Pd.D. 

Director of Science and State Museum 

John M. Clarke D.Sc. LL.D. 

Chiefs and Directors of Divisions 

Administration, Hiram C. Case 

Agricultural and Industrial Education, Lewis A. Wilson 

Archives and History, James Sullivan M.A. Ph.D. 

Attendance, James D. Sullivan 

Educational Extension, William R. Watson B.S. 

Examinations and Inspections, George M. Wiley M.A. 

Law, Frank B. Gilbert B.A., Counsel 

Library School, James I. Wyer, Jr, M.L.S. Pd.D. 

School Buildings and Grounds, Frank H. Wood M.A. 

School Libraries, Sherman Williams Pd.D. 

Visual Instruction, Alfred W. Abrams Ph.B 



H^\^^°k 



W^AT EVERY AMERICANIZATION WORKER SHOULD 

KNOW 

1 The background of the Hfe of the foreign-bom. 

a Geography of the native land 

b Main features in its history 

c Social and political life 

d Religious life 

e Education 

/ Racial characteristics 

2 The reasons for coming to America. 

a Economic 
b Social 
c Political 
d Religious 
e Military 

3 The means by which the foreign-born may best satisfy the longing 

which brought him here. 
a Finding the work he is best fitted to do 
b Learning the language of America 
c Becoming acquainted with American laws, customs and 

standards of living 
d Becoming a citizen 
e Learning to know the outside agencies which can help him 

and enlarge his vision 
/ Cooperating with the native American to promote and uphold 

real Americanism 

4 The most successful ways and means of teaching English and 

the principles of American citizenship to the foreign-bom. 

5 The value and beauty of all that the foreign-bom brings us in his 

" gifts of mind, heart and hand." 

6 The ideals of our democracy as set forth in the constitution. 

a Political life; "A government of the people, by the people 

and for the people " 
b Social life ; "A man's a man for a' that " 
c Industrial life ; "A square deal " 
d Religious life; "Freedom to worship God" 

7 The ideals of our democracy as determined by the united purpose 

of foreign-bom and native-born to create a new and better 
America. 

8 The necessity of the foreign-born joining hands with the native- 

born to make these ideals of our democracy a living reality. 



4 

STATISTICS 
ipio census 

Total population of New York State 9 ii3 614 

Total number of foreign-born 2 748 01 1 

Total number of illiterates, 10 years of age and over. . 406020 
Foreign-born whites, 10 years of age and over, illiterates 362 025 
Foreign-born whites, 10 years of age and over, unable to 

speak English 597 012 

These figures impress the vital need of an immediate carrying out 
of a comprehensive Americanization program in New York State, 
The Americanization work of the State Department of Education 
has as its main objectives: 

1 To eliminate illiteracy 

2 To carry the message of democracy and American ideals to 

non-English-speaking and illiterate residents of New York 
State 

3 To bring about friendly cooperation between the various 

foreign groups and the native-born 

4 To make America safe for democracy in every community 
Increased interest in Americanization is an outgrowth of the war 

with the startling revelations of the draft concerning the number 
of non-English-speaking and illiterate persons in our population. 
Americanization challenges us as members of a democracy to prove 
our right to the name. A real democracy must be based upon a 
common language, common purpose, a common ideal and an intelli- 
gent electorate. This thought was well expressed by Dr John H. 
Finley when he said: 

" We must recognize that thousands of aliens in this State are 
but waiting for an opportunity to acquire the common tongue of 
our social and civic life. Teaching the common language of 
America is incontestably the first duty of a democratic state. It is 
the duty of the school to teach the common language not only 
because it is the very cement of all social and political fabric, but 
because it is a possession which every man, woman and child must 
have to attain real citizenship. In many communities of the State, 
public schools and private associations are doing much to help the 
alien illiterates to acquire the tongue of this democracy. 

" Should not the State now, seriously, vigorously, and specifically; 
undertake to reduce adult illiteracy as it has with such success 
reduced child illiteracy? Every argument for training a child into 



a knowledge of English and citizenship is equally good for the aliflK 
who is ignorant of our language, customs and ideals, but who wL^aes 
to become a worthy American citizen." 

Since it is evident that teachers must have special training t3C 
carry on this work, the State Department of Education, in coopesra- 
tion with colleges and normal schools and with local school autl^i^b- 
ties, is giving short unit courses on "principles and methods «l 
immigrant education," in some of the larger cities of the State ssaii 
in smaller districts where the number of foreign-born makes #e 
need of this instruction imperative. 

The first institutes, as they have been called, were held dviriaqi 
July and August, 1918, in Buffalo, Rochester, Syracuse, Albany assi 
New York City. More than 1000 teachers and social workers imk 
advantage of this opportunity to make themselves more capable «jiI 
understanding the foreigner and of helping him. 

Similar institutes have been held during the winter of 1918-19 ■£: 
Hempstead, Roslyn, Babylon, Huntington, Yonkers, New Yssi 
City, Albany, Utica, Syracuse, Buffalo and Watertown. The St^f& 
now has about 2500 persons trained and equipped to carry out fe 
program. Summer sessions will be held at Syracuse Univers%,v 
New York State College for Teachers, Teachers College of Cdlwat- 
bia University, and Hunter College. 

Wherever institutes are held and the whole district thoroTi^% 
organized for the work, immediate results are evidenced in the stacte- 
ing of factory classes, the forming of new classes in night schod% 
and in the homes or community centers. 

OUTLINE OF THE SHORT UNIT COURSE 

Aim. The aim of the course is to interpret the meaning <il' 
Americanization, to furnish to persons interested in AmericaniES- 
tion a definite background for further study and practice, to devel^ 
competent teachers to give the immigrant instruction in the En^E# 
language and to familiarize him with American customs, laws snai 
standards of living. 

Length of the course. The course usually consists of fifteac 
sessions of two hours each, which fulfils the Regents requiremeac^ 
for one point. Two lectures are given at each session. 

Scope of the work. The subjects under discussion include : etia- 
nological aspects of the immigrant, state and federal plans §m 
Americanization, economic aspects of immigration and their inter- 
pretation, organization and supervision of English and citizei 



classes, methods of teaching English to foreigners, aids in develop- 
ing a good pronunciation, methods of teaching civics and preparing 
for naturalization, Americanization through the library, and means- 
of cooperation by all existing agencies of Americanization. 

Instructors. The instructors in these courses are all persons of 
intensive training and wide experience as students and teachers in 
this line of work. The instructors are selected from the ranks of 
local educational authorities and also from the following list : 

William C. Smith, Supervisor of Immigrant Education, New 

York State Department of Education, Albany 
Clara B. Springsteed, Assistant in Immigrant Education, New 

York State Department of Education, Albany 
Charles Towne, Supervisor of Immigrant Education, Boston, 

Mass. 
H. D. Rickard, Principal of Putnam School, Syracuse 
Charles E. Finch, Director of Immigrant Education, Rochester 
Dr Edward Steiner, Grinnell College; Iowa 
Dr David Hutchinson, Professor of Civics and Government, 

State College for Teachers, Albany 
Adam Walker, Professor of Sociology and Economics, State 

College for Teachers, Albany 
Harriet P. Dow, Field Secretary, Yorkville Neighborhood 

Association, New York City 
Elas Alsberg, National Council of Jewish Women, New York 

City 
Allen T. Burns, Director, Study of Americanization, Carnegie 

Corporation, New York City 
Mrs V. A. Simkhovitch, Director, Greenwich House, New 

York City 
H. A. Miller, Secretary, Mid-European Union, Washington, 

D. C. 
Reginald Heber Smith, former Counsel in Chief, Boston Legal 

Aid Society 
Nathan Peyser, Executive Director, Educational Alliance, 

New York City 
Mrs Nellie Michaelson, Rochester 
John J. Mahoney, Principal, State Normal School, Lowell, 

Mass. 
Merten A. Sturges, Chief Examiner, Bureau of Naturaliza- 
' tion, New York City 

William McAndrew, Associate Superintendent of Schools, 
New York Citv 



E. E. Bach, Director of Americanization Bureau, Pennsylvania 
George Eisler, American House, Cincinnati, Ohio 
M. A. Ravage, Author and PubUcist, New York City 
Henry H. Goldberger, Lecturer, Teachers College, New York 

City 
Robert T. Hill, War Camp Community Service, New York City 
•John Collier, People's Institute, New York City 
Pierre Vampiere, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 
Dr Caroline Hedger, Social Welfare Worker in Chicago Stock; 

Yards, Chicago, 111. 
Margery Quigley, Endicott Public Library, Endicott 
Mrs Helen Horvath, Specialist in Work with Foreign-born 

Women, Cleveland, Ohio 
Dr George E. Smith, Deputy Superintendent of Schools, Buffalo 
Henry E. Jenkins, District Superintendent of Schools, New 

York City 
Esther E. Lape, Section of Aliens, Council of Women's Organi- 
zations, New York City 
Qualifications for the course. Any person who has a high school 
education or its equivalent, who speaks English clearly and dis- 
tinctly, and who is vitally interested in the problems of Americani- 
zation is eligible to the course. 

Visitors. Visitors who are unable to attend the course regularly 
or pursue it for credit are welcome to any or all of the lectures. 

Credit. The University of the State of New York will certify 
the attendance and satisfactory completion of the course. School 
authorities will give preference to those holding this certificate when 
considering applicants for work with foreign-born adults. 
Requirements of the course. 

1 Regular attendance at 80 per cent of the sessions of the course. 

2 A carefully prepared notebook containing notes on all the lec- 
tures given at the institute. This notebook must be submitted for 
examination at the end of the course. 

3 Book reviews as assigned by the local director. 

4 A paper which indicates definite research and original thought. 

5 A final examination which will be a real test of the main lines 
of thought presented at the institute. 

Practical demonstrations. Wherever possible opportunities for 
visiting evening, factory and neighborhood classes are given to 



8 

students of the course in order that they may observe various 
methods iri- operation and judge of their efficacy. 

Volunteer work. The local directors of institutes organize and 
supervise factory, home and neighborhood classes which are taught 
by volunteers from the Americanization course in session. 

AMERICANIZATION INSTITUTE 

TOPICS FOR STUDY AND RESEARCH 
I919 

1 Organizing classes 

2 The problems of the evening school 

3 The factory class 

4 Home instruction — its difficulties and possibilities 

5 The direct method 

6 The Gouin method 

7 Methods in teaching English to the foreign-born 

8 Aids in developing a good pronunciation 

9 Methods of preparing for naturalization 

10 A comparison of traits of different nationalities in America 

11 The approach to the immigrant 

12 The assimilation to the immigrant 

13 The immigrant's share in construction work on our railways 

14 Peonage 

15 The Padrone: Italian; Greek 

16 The economic effects of returned immigrants upon Italy 

17 How to become a naturalized citizen 

18 How American citizenship may be lost 

19 Naturalization treaties between the United States and foreign 

states 

20 The claims of foreign governments on naturalized citizens of 

the United States 

21 The status of aliens in the military, naval and merchant service 

of the United States 

22 The citizenship of women 

23 The citizenship of minor children 

24 The legal effect of a declaration of intention on women and 

minor children 

25 The status of the alien woman in her native land 

26 A comparative study of the alien woman in America (a) The 

woman in industry, (b) The woman in the home 

27 The Americanization of the alien woman 



28 Immigration after the war 

29 The attitude of the foreign-born American to reconstruction 

30 Socializing classes for immigrants 

31 Americanizing as an after-war policy 

32 Illiteracy in New York State 

33 The district or zone system of immigrant education in New 

York State 

34 The immigrant's reaction to the war 

LEGISLATION AFFECTING EDUCATION OF THE 
FOREIGN-BORN IN NEW YORK STATE 

Laws of 1918, Chapter 409 

An act to amend the Education Law, in regard to the maintenance 
of night schools in cities and school districts. 

The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and 
Assembly, do enact as follows: 

Section i Section 311 of article 11 of chapter 21 of the Laws of 
1909, entitled "An act relating to education, constituting chapter 
16 of the Consolidated Laws," as amended, is hereby amended by 
substituting therefor a new section to read as follows : 

§ 311 Kindergartens; night schools. The board of education 
of each school district and of each city may maintain kindergartens 
which shall be free to resident children between the ages of four 
and six years. 

Night schools wherein the common branches and such additional 
subjects as may be adapted to students applying for instruction are 
taught on three nights each week, for two hours each night, shall be 
maintained by the board of education : 

1 In each city of the first class throughout the duration of the 
day school term. 

2 In each city of the second class on at least one hundred nights. 

3 In each city of the third class on at least eighty nights. 

4 In each city not subject to the foregoing provisions and in 
each school district where twenty or more minors between the ages 
of sixteen and twenty-one years are required to attend school, or 
where twenty or more persons over the age of sixteen years make 
application for instruction in a night school, for at least seventy- 
five nights. 

All night schools shall be free to all persons residing in the 
districts or city. 

§ 2 This act shall take effect September i, 1918. 



lO 

Laws of 1918, Chapter 415 

An act to amend the Education Law, to require the attendance at 

school of non-Enghsh-speaking and ilHterate minors. 

The People of the State of Nezv York, represented in Senate and 
Assembly, do enact as follozus: 

Section i Article 23 of chapter 21 of the Laws of 1909, entitled 
"An act relating to education, constituting chapter 16 of the con- 
solidated laws," as amended by chapter 140 of the Laws of 1910 
is hereby amended by adding thereto a new section, to read as 
follows : 

§ 637 Attendance of illiterate minors, i Every minor, between 
sixteen and twenty-one years of age, who does not possess such 
ability to speak, read and write the English language, as is required, 
for the completion of the fifth grade of the public or private schools 
of the city or school district in which he resides, shall attend som^e 
day or evening school or some school maintained by an employer 
as hereinafter provided in subdivision six of this act, in the city 
or district in which he resides thi^oughout the entire time such school 
is in session ; provided that no such minor be required to attend, if 
the commissioner of health, or the executive officer of the board or 
department of health of the cit}', town, village or district, where 
such minor resides, or an officer thereof designated by such board, 
department or commissioner shall deem such minor physically or 
mentally unfit to attend. 

2 Any minor subject to the provisions of this section, who 
wilfully violates any provisions of this section, shall be punished 
by a fine of not exceeding five dollars. 

3 Every person having in his control any minor subject to the 
provisions of this section shall cause such minor to attend a school 
as hereby required; and if such person fails for six sessions within 
a period of one month to cause such minor to so attend school, 
unless the commissioner of health or the executive officer of the 
board or department of health of the city, town, village or district 
where such minor resides or an officer thereof designated by sucii 
board, department or commissioner shall certify that such minor's 
physical or mental condition is such as to render his attendance at 
school harmful or impracticable, such person shall, upon complaint 
by a truant officer and conviction thereof, be punished by a fine of 
not more than twenty dollars. 

4 Whoever induces or attempts to induce such minor to absent 
himself unlawfully from school or employs such minor except as 



T I 

is provided by law, or harbors such who. while school is in session, 
is absent unlawfully therefrom, shall be punished by a fine of not 
more than fifty dollars. 

5 The employer of any minor subject to the provisions of this 
section shall procure from such minor and display in the place 
where such minor is employed the weekly record or regular attend- 
ance upon a school and it shall be unlawful for any person to 
employ any minor subject to the provisions of this section until 
and unless he procures and displa}s said weekly record as herein 
provided. It shall be the dut}^ of the teacher or principal of the 
school upon which he (such minor) attends to provide each week 
such minor with a true record of attendance. 

6 Any employer may meet the requirements of this act by con- 
ducting a class or classes for teaching English and civics to foreign- 
born in shop, store, plant or factory, under the supervision of the 
local school authorities, and any minor subject to the provisions 
of this act may satisfy the requirement by attendance upon such 
classes. 

§ 2 This act shall take effect September i, 1918. 

Laws of 1919, Chapter 617 
An act to amend the Education Law, in relation to providing 
instruction to illiterates and non-English-speaking persons over 
sixteen years of age, and making an appropriation therefor. 

The People of the State of Nezv York, represented in Senate and 
Assembly, do enact as foUozvs: 

Section i Section 94 of chapter 21 of the Laws of 1909, entitled 
" An act relating to education, constituting chapter 6 of the Con- 
solidated Laws," as amended by chapter 140 of the Laws of 1910, 
is hereby amended by inserting therein, after subdivision ii-a. two 
new subdivisions to be respectively, subdivision ii-b and subdivision 
ii-c, to read as follows: 

ii-b The Commissioner of Education is hereb\- authorized to 
divide the State into zones and to appoint directors thereof, teachers, 
and such other employees as may be necessary to promote and 
extend educational facilities for the education of illiterates and of 
non-English-speaking persons. 

ii-c The board of estimate and apportionment of a city, the 
council of a city, or the common council of a city, the board of 
supei'visors of a county, the board of trustees of an incorporated 
village, the town board of a town, ma}' make appropriations to aid 



12 

Mii promote the extension of education among the illiterates and 
msm-English-speaking persons within the jurisdiction of these 
aesp^ctive bodies. 

I 2 The sum of one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) or 
3© much thereof as may be necessary is hereby appropriated to 
ise Commissioner of Education for carrying out the provisions of 
^i& act. 

§ 3 This act shall take effect immediately. 

Concurrent Resolution of the Senate and Assembly 

Wr&posing an amendment to section 1 of article 2 of the constitution, 
in relation to qualification of voters. 

Section i Resolved (if the Senate concur), That section i of 
aitiele 2 of the constitution be amended to read as follows : 

Section i Every citizen of the age of twenty-one years, who 
^lall have been a citizen for ninety days, and an inhabitant of this 
State one }ear next preceding an election, and for the last four 
mmiths a resident of the county and for the last thirty days a 
seident of the election district in which he or she may offer his 
m ler vote, shall be entitled to vote at such election in the election 
^strict of which he or she shall at the time be a resident, and not 
^s-wliere, for all officers that now are or hereafter may be elected 
% the people, and upon all questions which may be submitted 
t© the vote of the people, provided however that a citizen by 
Bsaariage shall have been an inhabitant of the United States for 
years; and provided that in time of war no elector in the 
military service of the State, or of the- United States, in 
Ae army or navy thereof, shall be deprived of his or her vote by 
iresES/on of his or her absence from such election district; and the 
legislature shall have power to provide the manner in which and 
^c time and place at which such absent electors may vote, and 
far the return and canvass of their votes [in the election districts 
m which they respectively reside]. 

Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions, after January first, 
^ne thousand nine hundred and twenty-tzuo, no person shall 
Wcome entitled to vote by attaining majority, by na-turalicotion or 
sfherwise, unless such person is also able, except for physical dis- 
s^Mty, to read and zurite English; and suitable lazvs shall be passed 
By the Legislature to enforce this provision. 

§ 2 Resolved (if the Senate concur), That the foregoing amend- 
mjs:nt be referred to the Legislature to be chosen at the next general 



13 

-election of senators, and in conformity with section i of article 14 
of the constitution be pubHshed for three months previous to the 
time of such election. 

PLANS FOR FUTURE AMERICANIZATION WORK IN 
NEW YORK STATE 

It is. proposed to divide the State into fifteen zones (see accom- 
panying map). These zones have been worked out on the follov/ing 
basis: (i) purposes of administration (local), (2) number of 
illiterates and non-English-speaking in each district (8 to 12,000), 
(3) natural geographical divisions. 

It is proposed to organize under a director or supervisor a 
representative group of local Americanization committees, repre- 
senting all the activities and forces functioning in Americanization 
service ; for example, public schools, civic bodies, chambers of com- 
merce. Rotary clubs, women's organizations, industries, foreign 
■societies and leaders, social and civic forces including Y. M. C. A., 
Y. W. C. A., K. of C, Y. M. H. A. etc. 

The function of this director will be to administer the State's 
activities through the local forces, to coordinate the local activities- 
behind the public school extension program, to arouse and focus 
public attention and enlist voKmteer activity upon constructive 
Americanization, to supervise the teachers trained in institutions 
through local cooperation of public school authorities, and to ar- 
range local training centers when and where needed. 

The zone plan involves the following program of immigrant 
■education : 

T Opening of evening schools 

2 Extension and stimulation of evening school activities 

3 Promotion of factory classes 

4 Promotion of home classes 

5 Promotion of community classes 
<6 Promotion of citizenship classes 

7 Promotion of history and civics instruction 

8 Participation by the foreign-born in the advantages which the 
State ofifers in agricultural lines; home demonstrations (Cornell), 
health education, visual instruction, vocational instruction and guid- 
ance, and civic activities 

Various phases of this program have been successfully demon- 
strated in whole or in part in Syracuse, Rochester, Buffalo, Water- 
town, Albanv and New York Citv and also in the northern counties". 



14 

Each zone involves the following types of Americanization work; 
(i) educational, (2) industrial, (3) social. 

Governor Smith said in his Assembly message : " Ignorance is 
the greatest ally of our poor citizenship. It should be our objective 
that no person in this State who can be brought under our influence 
should be without the ability to read and write, or without a clear 
conception of our American institutions and ideals." New York 
may attain this supreme educational achievement if it will. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 
References and sources 

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Bulgarians of Chicago. Charities, 21:653-60 (Jan. 9, 1909) 

Adams, T. F. & Sumner, Helen, Labor problems. Cf. chapter on 
immigration. Macmillan 1905 

Addams, Jane. Plea for more play, more pay, and more education 
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The spirit of youth and the city streets. Macmillan 1910 

Democracy and social ethics. Macmillan 191 1 

Twenty years at Hull house. Macmillan 1914 

Function of social settlement. Amer. Acad. Pol. & Soc. Sci... 

1899 

Alexinsky, Gregor. Modern Russia. Scribner 1915 

Allen, W. H. Civics and health. Ginn 1909 

Andrews, M. P. The American's creed and its meaning. Double- 
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Antin, Mary. They who knock at our gates. Houghton 1914 

Promised land. Houghton 1912 

Ashley, R. L. The new civics. Macmillan 1917 

Atchison, R. M. Un-American immigration. C. H. Kerr & Co. 
1894 

Bacon, Robert. For better relations with our Latin-Americai^ 
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Bailey, W. F. Slavs of the war zone. Dutton 1916 

Balch, E. G. Our Slavic fellow-citizens. Charities. Charities- 
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Beard, C. A. American city government. Macmillan 1912 

American citizenship. Macmillan 1914 

& Bagley, W, C. History of the American people. Macmil- 
lan 1918 

Bell, G. L. Syria ; the desert and the sown. Dutton 1907 



15 

Bernheimer, C. S. Russian Jew in the United States. Winston 

1905 
Bigelow, Poultney. The children of the nations. McClure 1901 
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Univ. of Southern Cal. Press 191 8 
Bovill, W. B. F. Hungary and the Hungarians. Metheun 190S 
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Bridges, H. J. On becoming an American. Marshall Jones 1919 
Bronsky, Amy. Illiteracy and Americanization. Wis. State Sup't 

Public Inst. 1917 
Brown, D. V. Haremlik ; some pages from the life of Turkish 

women. Houghton 1909 
Burgess Thomas. Greeks in America. Sherman French Co. 1913 
California Immigration and Housing Commission. Immigration 

education leaflets. Cal. State Printing Ofl^. 191 7 
Capek, Thomas. Slovaks in Hungary. Knickerbocker Press 19 16 
Carr, J. F. The immigrant and the Hbrary. Im. Pub. Soc. 1914 
Chase, E. F. Bohemians ; a study of the " Land of the Cap and 

the Book." Revell 1914 
Clark, F. E. Old homes of New Americans. Houghton 1913 
Cohen, R. G. Out of the shadow. Doran 1918 
Commons, J. R. Races and immigrants in America. Macmillan 

1907 
Coolidge, M. E. B. R. S. Chinese immigration. Holt 1909 
Cowan, R. E. & Dunlap, Boutwell. Bibliography of the Chinese 

question in the United States. Robertson 1909 
Dana, E. L. Makers of America. Im. Pub. Soc. 191 5 
Dominian, Leon. Frontiers of Language and Nationality. Holt 

1917 
Dunn, A. W. The community and the citizen. California Sup't 

of State Printing 1910 
Ellwood, C. A. Sociology and modern social problems. Amer. 

Book Co. 1913 
Fairchild, H. P. Greek immigration to the United States. New 

Haven, Yale Press 191 1 

Immigration. Macmillan 1913 

Fisher, E. F. Resources and industries of the United States. Ginn 

1918 
Forman, S. E. History of the United States. Centun- 1910 
Franklin, F. G. Legislative history of naturalization in the United 

States. Univ. of Chic. 1906 



i6 

Gabralian, M. C. Armenia, a martyr nation. Revell 1918 
Garnett, L. M. J. Turkish life in town and country. Putnam 1904 
Goodman, F. T. City government in the United States. Century 

1906 
Gordon, Winifred. Woman in the Balkans. Dodd 1914 
Graham, Stephen. With poor immigrants to America. Mac- 

millan 1914 
Grose, H. B. AUens or Americans? Amer. Baptist Home Mis- 
sion Soc. 1906 
Gulick, S. L. American democracy and Asiatic citizenship. Scrib- 

ner 1918 

American- Japanese problem. Scribner 1914 

Hall, Prescott. Immigration and its effect upon the United States. 

Holt 1906 
Harley, J. H. Poland, past and present. Allen & Unwin 191 7 
Hasanovitz, Elizabeth. One of them. Houghton 1918 
Haskin, F. J. The immigrant. Revell 191 3 

Higgin, Louis. Spanish life in town and country. Putnam 1902 
Holt, Hamilton. Life stories of undistinguished Americans as 

told by themselves. Pott 1906 
Hourvi^ich, I. A. Immigration and labor. Putnam 191 2 
Hunter, Robert. 'Poverty. Macmillan 1904 
Hutton, Edward. Italy and the Italians. Button 1903 
James, J. A. & Sanford, A. H. Government in state and nation. 

Scribner 191 1 
Jenks, J. W. & Lauck, W. J. Immigration problem. Funk & 

Wagnalls 191 3 
Kahn, O. H. Right above race. Century 1918 
Kellor, F. A. Straight America. Macmillan 1916 
Landa, M. J. The alien problem and its remedy. P. S. King & 

Son 191 I 
Lord, Eliot; Trenor, J. J. D. & Barrows, S. J. The Italian in 

America. Buck & Co. 1905 
McClintock, Samuel. Aliens under the federal laws of the United 

States. 111. Law Rev. 1909 
McCIure, Archibald. Leadership of the new. America. Doran & 

Co. 1916 
Macy, Jesse. Party organization. Century 1912 
Mayo-Smith, Richmond. Emigration and immigration. Scribner 

1890 



17 

Miller, William. Balkans, Roumania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Monte- 
negro. Putnam 1908 
Mills, H. A. Japanese problem in the United States. Macmillan 

1915 
Nicolay, Helen. Personal traits of Abraham Lincoln. Century 

1912 
Nicolay, J. G, Short life of Abraham Lincoln. Century 1902 
Nitobe, I. O. Japanese nation ; its land, its people and its life. 

Putnam 19 12 
Olgin, M. J. Soul of the Russian revolution. Holt 19 17 
Panell, L. P. & Curry, C. M. The world and democracy. Rand 

1919 

League of nations. Rand 1919 

Plass, A. A. Civics for Americans in the making. W. C. Heath 

1912 
Ravage, M. E. An American in the making. Harper 1917 
Ray, M. K. Immigration problem; a bibliography. Madison, Wis. 

1909 
Ray, P. O. Political parties and practical politics. Scribner 191 3 
Reade, Arthur. Finland and the Finns. Dodd 191 5 
Riis, Jacob, Making of an American. Macmillan 1904 

Neighbors; life stories of the other half. Macmillan 1914 

Children of the poor. Scribner 1892 

Battle with the slum. Macmillan 1902 

Children of the tenements. Macmillan 1903 

How the other half lives. Scribner 1903 

Rippmann, Walter. The sounds of spoken English — with speci- 
men passages. Button 1918 
Roberts, Peter. The new immigration ; a study of the industrial 

and social life of southeastern Europeans in America. 1912 
Root, Elihu. The citizen's part in government. Yale Univ. Press 

1907 
Ross, E. A. Changing America. Century 191 3 

Foundations of sociolog}'. Century 1905 

The old world in the new. Century 1914 

Social control. Macmillan 1901 

Sin and society. Houghton 1907 

Social psychology. Macmillan 1912 

What is America? Centuiy 1919 

Rovnianek, P. V. Slovaks in America. Charities, 13:239-44 



i8 

Rudnitsky, Stefan. Ukraine; the land and its people. Rand 1918 

Shriver, W. P. Immigrant forces. Missionary education move- 
ment of the United States and Canada. 1913 

Spargo, John, Social democracy explained. Harper 1918 
Americanism and social democracy. Harper 1918 

Bitter cry of the children. Macmillan 1906 

Steiner, E, A. On the trail of the immigrant. Revell 1906 
Nationalizing America. Revell 1916 

Steiner, E. A. Introducing the American spirit. Revell 191 5 

The immigrant tide. Revell 1909 

From alien to citizen. Revell 1914 

The confession of a hyphenated American. Revell 1916 

The broken wall. Revell 191 1 

Against the current. Revell 1910 

■ Parable of the cherries. Revell 1913 

Stern, E. G. My mother and I. Macmillan 1917 

Sweet, E. E. Portuguese life in town and country. Putnam 1902 

Sweet, Henry. The sounds of English; and introduction to pho- 
netics. Oxford. Clarendon Press 1910 

Primer of spoken English. Oxford. Clarendon Press 191 1 

Primer of phonetics. Oxford. Clarendon Press 1892 

■ Practical study of languages. Holt 1900 

History of language. Macmillan 1900 

Szlupas, John. Lithuania in retrospect and prospect. Lithuanian 
Press Assn. of America. 191 5 

Talbot, Winthrop. Adult illiteracy. Bureau of Education 

Bulletin 35. Gov't Printing Off. 1916 
Americanization. W. H. Wilson Co. 1917 

Taylor, A. H. E. The future of the southern Slavs. Dodd 191 7 

Thomas, W. I. & Znaniecki, Florian. Polish peasant in Europe 
and America, 2v. R. G. Badger, Boston. 1918 

Towne, E. T, Social problems ; a study of present da}- social con- 
ditions. Macmillan 1916 

Toynbee, A. J. Nationality and the war. A. M. Dent & Sons, 

1915 
Tupper, E. W. Foi-eign-born neighbors. Tailor Press 1914 
U. S. Immigration Commission. Reports of the Commission. 

42 vols. Washington, Gov't Printing Office 191 1. (U. S. 61 

Congress, 3d Session. Senate documents) 



1 9 

Van Dyne, Fred. Citizenship of the United States. Rochester 
Lawyers' Co-op. Pub. Co. 1904 

Law of naturahzation of the United States. Wash. 1907 

Viilari, Luigi. Itahan Hfe in town and countr}-. Newnes 1905 
Wald, Lillian. House on Henry street. Holt 1915 
Warne, F. J. Tide of immigration. Appleton 1906 

Lnmigrant invasion. Dodd 1913 

Slav invasion and the mine workers. Lippincott 1904 

Willoughby, W. W. American constitution a system. Century 

5 < KM 

Whelpley, J. D. Problem of the immig-rant. Chapman & Hall 1905 

Woodburn, J. A. & Moran, T. F. Citizen and the republic. Long- 
mans 1918 

Woods, R. A. City wilderness. Houghton. 1898 

Americans in process. Houghton 1902 

Texts 

Andronis, N. C. The fundamentals of the English language for 

non-English-speaking people. Pein & Sons 191 5 
Austin, Ruth. Lessons in English for foreign women. Amer. Book 

Co. 1913 
Banks, J. E. English for adult students of foreign born. Banks 

1914 
Beshgeturian, Azniv. Foreigners' guide to English. World Book 

Co. 1914 
Chancellor, W. E. Standard short course for English schools. 

Amer. Book Co. 1914 
Reading and language lessons for evening schools. Amer. 

Book Co. 1914 
Christoff, A. T. Practical reader and guide book. Maunder- 

Dougherty Co. 191 5 
Clark, H. F. Foreigners' manual of English. W. B. Harrison 1892 
Cooley, A. W. & Webster, W. F. The new Webster-Cooley course 

in English. Houghton 1909 
Faustino, Madeline & Wagner, M. F. A new reader for evening 

schools. Hinds 1909 
Field, W. S. & Coveney, M. E. English for new Americans. 

Silver 191 1 
Franc, Alissa. Use your government. Button 1918 
Giambaivo, J. G. How to become a citizen of the United States. 

Giambalvo 191 3 



20 

Goldberger, H. H. English for coming citizens. Scribner 1918^ 

How to teach EngHsh to foreigners. Seiler 1918 

Harrington, W. H. & Cunningham, C. J. A first book for non- 

English-speal-cing people. Heath 1904 
Language lessons to accompany the first book for non-English- 
speaking people. Heath 1904 
Hill, M, H. & Davis, Philip. Civics for new Americans. Houghton 

1915 
Houghton, Frederick. First lessons in English for foreigners. 

Amer. Book Co. 191 1 
Jimperieff, Mary. Progressive lessons in English for foreigners. 

Ginn 1915 
Kallmej^er, Charles. How to become a citizen of the U. S. A. 

Kallmicyer 191 7 
McBrien, J. L. America first. Amer. Book Co. 1916 
Markowitz, A, J. & Starr, Samuel. Every day language lessons^. 

Amer. Book Co. 1914 
Mintz, F. S. The new American citizen. Macmillan 1909 

A first reader for new Americans. Macmillan 1910 

O'Brien, S. R. English for foreigners. Houghton 1909 

Price, Isaac. Direct method of teaching English to foreigners.. 

Bealtys & Co. 1913 
Prior, Anna & Ryan, A. I. How to learn English. Macmillan 191 1 
Richman, Julia & Wallach, I. R, Good citizenship. Amer. Book 

Co. 1908 
Roberts, Peter. Civics for coming Americans. Assoc. Press 191 7 

The new immigration. Macmillan 1912 

■ Immigrant races in Nortli America. Y. M. C. A. Press 1910- 

English for coming Americans. Y. M. C. A. 1909 

Sharpe, M. F. A first reader for foreigners. Amer. Book Co. 191 !■ 

Plain facts for future citizens. Amer. Book Co. 1914 

Shearer, J. W. Pronouncing speller for foreigners. Jenkins Co. 

1914 
Turkington, G, A. My country. Ginn 1918 
Voight, Frank. How to become a naturalized citizen. Boyer 

Bros. 1914 
Wallach, Mrs Isabel. A first book in English for foreigners 

Silver 1906 

-A second book in English for foreigners. Silver 1910 

Webster, H. H. Americanization and citizenship. Houghton 191 9 



21 



Methods 

Bagster-CoUins, E. W. The teaching of German in secondary 
schools. Macmillan 1914 

Berlitz, M. D. Methode Berlitz pour Enseignment des langues 
Moderns. M. D. Berlitz 1918 

Beverly, Clara. Oral English. Atkinson Meutzer & Co. 1914 

Bolenius, E. M. Teaching of oral English. Lippincott 1914 

Brebner, Mary. Method of teaching modern languages. Cam- 
bridge Univ. Press 1909 

Breul, Karl. Teaching of modern foreign languages and the train- 
ing of teachers. Cambridge Univ. Press 1909 

Carpenter, G. R.; Baker, F. L. & Scott, F. N. The teaching of 
English in elementary and secondary schools. Longmans 191 3 

Cooley, A. W. Language teaching in the grades. Houghton 191 3 

Goldberger, H. H. & Brown, S. J. Course of study and syllabus for 
teaching English to non-English-speaking adults. Scribner 1919 

Goldwasser, I. E. Method and methods in the teaching of English. 
Heath 1913 

Gouin, Francis. The art of teaching and studying languages. 
Scribner 1892 

Handschin, C. H. Teaching of modern languages in the United 
States. Gov't Printing Off. 191 3 

Jesperson, Otto. How to teach a foreign language. Macmillan 
1914 

Krause, C. A. Direct method in modern languages. Scribner 1916 

Leiper, M. A, Teaching language through agriculture and domestic 
science. Gov't Printing Off. 1912 

Mahoney, J. J. & Herlihy, C. M. First steps in Americanization. 
Houghton 1918 

Modern Language Association of America. Report of committee 
of twelve. Gov't Printing Off. 1899 

Montgomery, G. R. Talking English ; a pronouncing manual for 
teaching the English language. Montgomery 191 5 

McDonald, R. A. Provisions for modern English speaking immi- 
grants. Columbia Univ. 191 5 

Pamphlets 

Pamphlets and circulars may be obtained from the following 
departments and organizations : 
Bureau of Education, Washington, D. C. 
Bureau of Naturalization, Washington, D, C. 



22 



Council of Jewish Women, 146 Henry st., New York, N. Y. 

Inter-racial Council, 120 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 

National Americanization Committee, 29 W. 39th st.. New York 

N. Y. 
National Catholic War Council, 930-32 14th St., Washington, D. C. 
National Security League, 19 W. 44th St., New York, N. Y. 
North American Civic League, Boston, Mass. 
Y. M. C. A. 
Y. W. C. A. 



....1 



23 



AMERICANIZATION IN THE CONCRETE 

" We want to interpret America in terms of fair play ; in terms 
of the square deal. We want in the end to interpret America in 
healthier babies that have enough milk to drink. We want to 
interpret America in boys and girls and men and women that can 
read and write. We want to interpret America in better housing 
conditions and decent wages, in hours that will allow a father to 
know his own family. That is Americanization in the concrete — 
reduced to practical terms. This is the spirit of the Declaration of 
Independence put into terms that are social and economic, and 
I ask you to help us." 

— Franklin K. Lane 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS # 

020 773 309 A 



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020 773 309 n i 



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pH 8.5 

MiU Run F03.2193 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



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020 773 309 P § 




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